Why do you try to COMPARE stuff when you dosn't understand them ?
I dont get it - test it in the test unvierse and afterwards you can compare anything!
Yes you can build research labs on every planet to increase the amount of units for your super computer research. If you build them up on any planet you only need at least lvl 19 to double your research time. With level 25 you will have the following calculation:
lvl 25 means lvl 11 super computer * 15 => 165 units
165*15min => 2475mins => 41,25 hours every 12 hours.
So you have a (almost) 4x research time if you do that.